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Problems of ethics (entering the personal sphere of subjects). Presenting a more realistic view of the world
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Problems of representativeness and generalisability of findings Humanising research process by raising the role of the researched Risk of collecting meaningless and useless informationĪchieving a deeper understanding of respondent’s world. Problems of reliability caused by extreme subjectivity Strengths and Weaknesses of Qualitative Research STRENGTHS The researcher’s categories that are used might not reflect local constituencies’ understandings The researcher’s theories that are used might not reflect local constituencies’ understandings The researcher might miss out on phenomena occurring because of the focus on theory or hypothesis testing rather than on theory or hypothesis generation (called the confirmation bias) Knowledge produced might be too abstract and general for direct application to specific local situations, contexts, and individuals Testing and validating already constructed theories about how and why phenomena occur Testing hypotheses that are constructed before the data are collected Can generalize research findings when the data are based on random samples of sufficient size Can generalize a research finding when it has been replicated on many different populations and subpopulations Useful for obtaining data that allow quantitative predictions to be made The researcher may construct a situation that eliminates the confounding influence of many variables, allowing one to more credibly establish cause-and-effect relationships Data collection using some quantitative methods is relatively quick (e.g., telephone interviews) Provides precise, quantitative, numerical data Data analysis is relatively less time consuming (using statistical software) The research results are relatively independent of the researcher (e.g., statistical significance) It may have higher credibility with many people in power (e.g., administrators, politicians, people who fund programs) It is useful for studying large numbers of people QUANTITATIVE STYLE VERSUS QUALITATIVE STYLE Sources : Cresswell (1994), Denzin & Lincoln (1994), Guba & Lincoln (1994), and Mostyn (1985)Ĭonstruct social reality, cultural meaning Penelitian Kualitatif Penelitian untuk memahami fenomena ttg apa yang dialami oleh subyek penelitian misalnya perilaku, persepsi, motivasi, tindakan dan lain-lain, secara holistik, dan dgn cara deskripsi dalam bentuk kata-kata dan bahasa, pada suatu konteks khusus yang alamiah dan dengan memanfaatkan berbagai metode alamiah. Denzin dan Lincoln Penelitian yg menggunakan latar alamiah dgn maksud menafsirkan fenomena yg terjadi dan dilakukan dgn jalan melibatkan berbagai metode yang ada. Fokus : latar dan individu secara holistik (utuh) tidak boleh mengisolasi individu atau organisasi kedalam variabel atau hipotesis.
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Quantitave methodology is based on the positivist or neopositivist philosophy The logical form of theory is deductiveīogdan dan Taylor : Penelitian kualitatif sebagai prosedur penelitian yang menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa kata-kata tertulis atau lisan dari orang-orang dan perilaku yang dapat diamati. Mencakup setiap jenis penelitian yang didasarkan atas perhitungan persentase, rata-rata, ci kuadrat, dan perhitungan statistik lainnya (melibatkan pada perhitungan, angka atau kuantitas). Isu pokok yang sebenarnya bukanlah pembedaan antara penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif, tetapi perbedaan epistemologi, ontologi, dan aksiologi antar paradigma yang ada…… Sebab, penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif, lebih khusus metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif hanya implikasi paradigma yg mendasarinya.